Channel switchover power multiplexer circuits, and methods of operating the same

ABSTRACT

Channel switchover power multiplexer circuits, and methods of operating the same are disclosed. An example power multiplexer a first transistor coupled to a first input, a second transistor coupled to the first transistor to couple a first voltage at the first input to an output, a third transistor coupled to a second input, a fourth transistor coupled to the third transistor to couple a second voltage at the second input to the output, a diode amplifier to provide a third voltage to a gate of the first transistor to block a reverse current, and a soft-start amplifier to provide a fourth voltage to a gate of the fourth transistor to turn on (with adjustable VOUT ramp rate) the fourth transistor with a constant ramp rate.

RELATED APPLICATION

This patent claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent ApplicationSer. No. 62/716,686, which was filed on Aug. 9, 2018. U.S. ProvisionalPatent Application Ser. No. 62/716,686 is hereby incorporated herein byreference in its entirety.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

This disclosure relates generally to power multiplexers, and, moreparticularly, to channel switchover power multiplexer circuits, andmethods of operating the same.

BACKGROUND

Power multiplexers are circuits, devices, etc. that switch between twoor more input power supplies to provide a continuous output powersupply.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1A-C illustrate an example power multiplexer circuit constructedin accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example state diagram representative of examplehardware logic or machine-readable instructions for operating the powermultiplexer circuit of FIGS. 1A-C.

FIGS. 3A-C, 4A-C, 5A-C and 6A-C represents the power multiplexer circuitof FIGS. 1A-C in respective ones of the states of FIG. 2.

FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating an example switchover of the examplepower multiplexer circuit of FIGS. 1A-C.

FIGS. 8A-B illustrates another example state diagram representative ofexample hardware logic or machine-readable instructions for operatingthe power multiplexer circuit of FIGS. 1A-C.

In general, the same reference numbers will be used throughout thedrawing(s) and accompanying written description to refer to the same orlike parts. The figures are not to scale. Connecting lines or connectorsshown in the various figures presented are intended to represent examplefunctional relationships and/or physical or logical couplings betweenthe various elements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Some power multiplexers may demonstrate undesirable channel switchoverbehaviors when switching between input power supplies. For example,immediate switchovers between input power supplies can cause largeinrush currents, large reverse currents that can cause circuit damage,poor load transients, instabilities due to load capacitance and/orresistance, output voltage dropout, etc.

Reference will now be made in detail to examples, some of which areillustrated in the accompanying drawings that improve thecharacteristics and/or capabilities of some power multiplexers.Advantageously, disclosed examples perform channel switchovers under awide range of load conditions and without the undesirable channelswitchover behavior.

FIGS. 1A-C illustrates an example power multiplexer circuit 100constructed in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Toselectively switch an output 101 (e.g., a power multiplexer output)between a first input 102 (e.g., a first power multiplexer input) and asecond input 103 (e.g., a second power multiplexer input), the examplepower multiplexer circuit 100 includes an example switch circuit 104.The example switch circuit 104 can be used, for example, to switch apower supply output between a first power supply input and a secondpower supply input.

To selectively couple a first input power supplied coupled the input 102to the output 101 (e.g., under the control of a controller, statemachine, etc.), the example switch circuit 104 includes an example firsttransistor (e.g., an n-channel metal-oxide semiconductor field-effecttransistor (MOSFET) 105, a field-effect transistor (FET), a bipolarjunction transistor (BJT), etc.), and an example second transistor(e.g., an n-channel MOSFET 106, a FET, a BJT, etc.). The example MOSFET105 and the example MOSFET 106 are arranged in a back-to-back topologywith their respective drains 105A and 106A connected. The source 105B ofthe MOSFET 105 is connected to the first input 102, and the source 106Bof the MOSFET 106 is connected to the output 101. When both the MOSFET105 and the MOSFET 106 are turned on, the input 102 is connected to theoutput 101, and current is able to pass back and forth between the input102 and the output 101 through a first channel A 107 formed by theMOSFET 105 and the MOSFET 106. The MOSFET 105 has a body diode 105D, andthe MOSFET 106 has a body diode 106D.

To turn on the MOSFET 105, the example switch circuit 104 includes anexample driver 108. The example driver 108 outputs from an output 108A agate voltage on a line 109 to a gate 105C of the MOSFET 105. The driver108 turns on (e.g., closes) the MOSFET 105 when a logic HIGH voltage isprovided on a line 110 to an enable input 108B of the driver 108. Whenthe MOSFET 105 is closed, the drain 105A is coupled to the source 105B.

To turn on the MOSFET 106, the example switch circuit 104 includes anexample driver 111. The example driver 111 outputs from an output 111A agate voltage on a line 112 to a gate 106C of the MOSFET 106. The driver111 turns on (e.g., closes) the MOSFET 106 when a logic HIGH voltage isprovided on a line 113 to an enable input 111B of the driver 111. Whenthe MOSFET 106 is closed, the drain 106A is coupled to the source 106B.

To turn off the MOSFET 105, the example switch circuit 104 includes anexample pull-down 114. The example pull-down 114 pulls the gate voltageon the line 109 at the gate 105C of the MOSFET 105 to the input voltageVINA at the input 102 to turn off (e.g., open) the MOSFET 105 anduncouple the drain 105A from the source 105B when a logic HIGH gatevoltage on a line 115 is provided to an enable input 114A of thepull-down 114.

To turn off the MOSFET 106, the example switch circuit 104 includes anexample pull-down 116. The example pull-down 116 pulls the gate voltageon the line 112 at the gate 106C of the MOSFET 106 to the output voltageVOUT at the output 101 to turn off (e.g., open) the MOSFET 106 anduncouple the drain 106A from the source 106B when a logic HIGH gatevoltage on a line 117 is provided to an enable input 116A of thepull-down 116.

In general, when one of the MOSFETs 105, 106, 118, 119 has been turnedoff via its gate voltage, its respective pull-down 114, 116, 127, 129 isenabled, thereby fully de-coupling its associated input 102, 103 fromthe output 101.

To selectively couple a second input power supply coupled to the input103 to the output 101 (e.g., under the control of a controller, statemachine, etc.), the example switch circuit 104 includes a thirdtransistor (e.g., an n-channel MOSFET 118, a FET, a BJT, etc.) and afourth transistor (e.g., an n-channel MOSFET 119, a FET, a BJT, etc.).The MOSFET 118 and the MOSFET 119 are arranged in a back-to-backtopology with their respective drains 118A and 119A connected. Thesource 118B of the MOSFET 118 is connected to the second input 103, andthe source 119B of the MOSFET 119 is connected to the output 101. Whenboth the MOSFET 118 and the MOSFET 119 are turned on, the input 103 isconnected to the output 101, and current is able to pass back and forthbetween the input 103 and the output 101 through a second channel B 120formed by the MOSFET 118 and the MOSFET 119.

To turn on the MOSFET 118, the example switch circuit 104 includes anexample driver 121. The example driver 121 outputs from an output 121A agate voltage on a line 122 to a gate 118C of the MOSFET 118. The driver121 turns on (e.g., closes) the MOSFET 118 when a logic HIGH voltage isprovided on a line 123 to an enable input 121B of the driver 121. Whenthe MOSFET 118 is closed, the drain 118A is coupled to the source 118B.

To turn on the MOSFET 119, the example switch circuit 104 includes anexample driver 124. The example driver 124 outputs from an output 124A agate voltage on a line 125 to a gate 119C of the MOSFET 119. The driver124 turns on (e.g., closes) the MOSFET 119 when a logic HIGH voltage isprovided on a line 126 to an enable input 124B of the driver 124. Whenthe MOSFET 119 is closed, the drain 119A is coupled to the source 119B.

To turn off the MOSFET 118, the example switch circuit 104 includes anexample pull-down 127. The example pull-down 127 pulls the gate voltageon the line 122 at the gate 118C of the MOSFET 118 to the input voltageVINB at the input 103 to turn off (e.g., open) the MOSFET 118 anduncouple the drain 118A from the source 118B when a logic HIGH gatevoltage on a line 128 is provided on an enable input 127A of thepull-down 127.

To turn off the MOSFET 119, the example switch circuit 104 includes anexample pull-down 129. The example pull-down 129 pulls the gate voltageon the line 125 at the gate 119C of the MOSFET 119 to the output voltageVOUT at the output 101 to turn off (e.g., open) the MOSFET 119 anduncouple the input 103 from the output 101 when a logic HIGH gatevoltage on a line 130 is provided on an enable input 129A of thepull-down 129.

Due to parasitic capacitive coupling to the gates 105C, 106C of theMOSFETS 105, 106, when an input voltage VINA at the input 102 is tooquickly coupled to the output 101 by turning on the MOSFETS 105, 106, alarge inrush current from the input 102 being switched into theassociated MOSFETS 105, 106 can occur. The MOSFETs 105, 106 pass inrushcurrent through respective channels. For example, MOSFET 105 inrushcurrent can flow through a body diode 105D if parasitic capacitivecoupling was not able to turn on MOSFET 105. To remove inrush currentfrom the input 102 to the MOSFETS 105, 106 due to parasitic coupling,the example pull-down 114 is enabled to discharge the gate 105C to theinput 102 keeping the MOSFET 105 turned off, and the pull-down 116 isenabled to discharge the gate 106C to the output 101 keeping the MOSFET106 is turned off. Likewise, to reduce inrush current from the input 103to the MOSFETS 118, 119 due to parasitic coupling, the example pull-down127 is enabled to discharge the gate 118C to the input 103 keeping theMOSFET 118 turned off, and the pull-down 129 is enabled to discharge thegate 119C to the output 101 keeping the MOSFET 119 turned off.

In some examples, the pull-downs 114, 116, 127 and 129 are controlledbased on soft-start voltages on lines 131, 132 (discussed below). Forexample, while a soft-start voltage on a line 131, 132 satisfies athreshold (e.g., is below a reference voltage), a logic HIGH enablevoltage is provided at the respective enable inputs 114A, 116A, 127A,and 129A of the pull-downs 114, 116, 127, and 129 to close thepull-downs 114, 116, 127, and 129, thereby opening the MOSFETs 105, 106,118 and 119, and reducing the effects of parasitic capacitive coupling.

With fixed output voltage VOUT ramp rate (dVout/dt) by the driver 111and the driver 124, a large inrush current can be generated by largeoutput capacitance Cout conditions. Inrush current can be mathematicallyexpressed as Cout*dVout/dt. To support a large output capacitance Coutwith a small inrush current, the example power multiplexer circuit 100includes an example soft-start amplifier 133, which enables anadjustable VOUT ramp rate. An output 133A of the example soft-startamplifier 133 is connected to the gate 106C of the MOSFET 106 via theline 112. The soft-start amplifier 133 drives the gate voltage on theline 112 at the gate 106C in response to a soft-start voltage on a line131 at an input 133B. The soft-start amplifier 133 is enabled when anenable voltage on a line 134 at an input 133C is a logic HIGH voltage.The soft-start voltage on the line 131 at the input 133B increasesgradually over time (e.g., with, according to, etc. a constant or steadyramp rate), thereby the voltage on the output 133A increases graduallyover time (e.g., with, according to, etc. a constant or steady ramprate) to control the rise time of the output 101 to manage inrushcurrent. For example, the soft-start voltage on the line 131 at theinput 133B can increase at a constant ramp rate of IREF/Css, therebycausing the voltage on the output 133A to increase at a constant ramprate oframp_rate=(IREF/Css)*gain, where

Css is the external capacitor 135,

gain is the gain of the soft-start amplifier 133, and

IREF is the current output of a reference current source 136.

In general, the external capacitor Css 135 can be selected to control aVOUT ramp rate that satisfies application requirements (e.g.,anticipated load conditions, output capacitance Cout conditions, turn-ontime objectives, inrush current limits, etc.). For example, under largeoutput capacitance Cout conditions, a large exterior capacitor Css 135can be used to form a slow VOUT ramp rate, thereby preventing a largeinrush current that could damage the device or drop the power supply VIN(e.g., a system reset). However, too slow of a VOUT ramp rate may not besuitable for applications benefiting from a faster power-up to meetpower-up sequence timing requirement. In some examples, the soft-startamplifier 133 is controlled based the soft-start voltage on the line131. For example, when the soft-start voltage on the line 131 no longersatisfies the threshold (e.g., is equal to or greater than the referencevoltage), a logic LOW enable voltage is provided at the enable inputs114A and 116A of the pull-downs 114 and 116 to open the pull-downs 114and 116, and a logic HIGH enable voltage on the line 134 is provided atthe input 133C to enable the soft-start amplifier 133 to close theMOSFET 106 with an adjustable output ramp rate of (IREF/Css)*gain. Insome examples, with a small output capacitance COUT, a fixed chargingcurrent driver may be used instead of the soft-start amplifier 133. Insome examples, the reference voltage VREF is selected based onsoft-start amplifier headroom.

To maintain a small inrush current under large output capacitance Coutconditions, the example power multiplexer circuit 100 includes anexample soft-start amplifier 137, which enables an adjustable VOUT ramprate. An output 137A of the example soft-start amplifier 137 isconnected to the gate 119C of the MOSFET 119 via the line 125. Thesoft-start amplifier 137 drives the gate voltage on the line 125 at thegate 119C in response to a soft-start voltage on a line 132 at an input137B. The soft-start amplifier 137 is enabled when an enable voltage ona line 138 at an input 137C is a logic HIGH voltage. The soft-startvoltage on the line 132 increases with a constant ramp rate, thereby thevoltage on the output 137A increases with a constant ramp rate tocontrol the rise time of the voltage VOUT at the output 101, therebymanaging inrush current. For example, the soft-start voltage on the line132 at the input 137B can increase at a constant ramp rate of IREF/Css,thereby causing the voltage on the output 137A to increase at a constantramp rate oframp_rate=(IREF/Css)*gain, where

Css is the external capacitor 135,

gain is the gain of the soft-start amplifier 137, and

IREF is the current output of a reference current source 136.

In general, the external capacitor Css 135 can be selected to control aVOUT ramp rate that satisfies application requirements (e.g.,anticipated load conditions, output capacitance Cout conditions, turn-ontime objectives, inrush current limits, etc.). For example, under largeoutput capacitance Cout conditions, a large exterior capacitor Css 135can be used to form a slow VOUT ramp rate, thereby preventing a largeinrush current that could damage the device or drop the power supply VIN(e.g., a system reset). However, too slow of a VOUT ramp rate may not besuitable for applications benefiting from a faster power-up to meetpower-up sequence timing requirement. In some examples, the soft-startamplifier 137 is controlled based the soft-start voltage. For example,when the soft-start voltage on the line 132 no longer satisfies thethreshold (e.g., is equal to or greater than the reference voltage), alogic LOW enable voltage is provided at the enable inputs 127A and 129Aof the pull-downs 127 and 129 to open the pull-downs 127 and 129, and alogic HIGH enable voltage on the line 138 is provided at the input 137Cto enable the soft-start amplifier 137 to close the MOSFET 119 with anadjustable output ramp rate of (IREF/Css)*gain. In some examples with asmall output capacitance COUT, a fixed charging current driver may beused instead of the soft-start amplifier 137. In some examples, thereference voltage VREF is selected based on soft-start amplifierheadroom.

Any number and/or type(s) of sources, generators, etc. can be used togenerate the soft-start voltages on the lines 131, 132. For example, anexample generator 139 includes the external capacitor 135 having aterminal coupled to a charging source (e.g., the reference currentsource 136) and the lines 131, 132. The external capacitor 135 ischarged by the reference current source 136, and discharged to formeither or both of the soft-start voltages on the lines 131, 132. In someexamples, the gate 106C of the MOSFET 106 and the gate 119C of theMOSFET 119 have their own external capacitor 135. In some examples, theexternal capacitor 135 is shared by both channels, and discharged by agate 140 before or as part of each channel switchover. The externalcapacitor 135 is discharged by controlling a gate voltage on a line 141on a gate 140A of the gate 140.

To prevent (e.g., reduce, block, restrict, etc.) (a) a dip in an outputvoltage VOUT at the output 101 that may occur when the first channel A107 is turned off before the second channel B 120 is turned on, and/or(b) a reverse current (e.g., current flowing from the input 102, 103 tothe opposite input 103, 102) that may occur when the second channel B120 is turned on before the first channel A 107 is turned off, theexample power multiplexer circuit 100 of FIGS. 1A-C includes an examplediode amplifier 142. An output 142A of the example diode amplifier 142is connected to the gate 105C of the MOSFET 105. The example diodeamplifier 142 controls the gate voltage on the line 109 at the gate 105Cto regulate an output voltage VOUT at an input 142B to be a voltageVINA-VOS1A at an input 142C. VOS1A is a voltage (e.g., 40 milliVolts(mV)) across a voltage source 143. Under some load conditions, the diodeamplifier 142 may become unstable. Accordingly, in some examples, thediode amplifier 142 is only enabled during channel switchoveroperations. An enable input voltage on a line 144 received on an enableinput 142D can be controlled to disable and enable the diode amplifier142.

To prevent (e.g., reduce, block, restrict, etc.) (a) a dip in the outputvoltage VOUT at the output 101 that may occur when the first channel B120 is turned off before the second channel A 107 is turned on, and/or(b) a reverse current (e.g., current flowing from the input 103 to theinput 102) that may occur when the second channel A 107 is turned onbefore the first channel B 120 is turned off, the example powermultiplexer circuit 100 of FIGS. 1A-C includes an example diodeamplifier 145. An output 145A of the example diode amplifier 145 isconnected to the gate 118C of the MOSFET 118. The example diodeamplifier 145 regulates the gate voltage on the line 122 at the gate118C to regulate the output voltage VOUT at an input 145B to be avoltage VINB-VOS1B at an input 145C. VOS1B is a voltage (e.g., 40 mV)across a voltage source 146. Under some load conditions, the diodeamplifier 145 may become unstable. Accordingly, in some examples, thediode amplifier 145 is only enabled during channel switchoveroperations. An enable input voltage on a line 147 received on an enableinput 145D can be controlled to disable and enable the diode amplifier145.

To, if necessary, stabilize the example diode amplifier 142, the examplepower multiplexer circuit 100 of FIGS. 1A-C includes an example boostcomparator 148, a pulse generator (e.g., an example one-shot generator149) and an example boost driver 150. When the output voltage VOUT at aninput 148A falls below a voltage VINA-VOS2A at an input 148B (e.g.,signifying a potentially unstable diode amplifier 142 or VOUT dropbecause VOS2>VOS1), the example boost comparator 148 outputs a logic LOWvoltage on a line 151 at an output 148C. A logic gate (e.g., an AND gate152) computes a logic AND of the voltage on the line 151 at an input152A and an enable voltage on a line 153 at an input 152B. The logic LOWvoltage on the line 151 causes the enable voltage on the line 144 tobecome a logic LOW voltage, thereby disabling the diode amplifier 142.VOS2A is a voltage across a voltage source 154 that, in some examples,is greater than VOS1A.

The logic LOW voltage on the line 151 at an input 149A of the one-shotgenerator 149 causes the one-shot generator 149 to form a pulse 155(e.g., 5 microseconds long) on an output 149B. The pulse 155 at an input149A of the example boost driver 150 causes the boost driver 150 tooutput a pulsed gate voltage on the line 109, thereby turning on theMOSFET 105 for a period of time. For example, 5 microseconds, which isselected to be the time required to increase VOUT to be greater thanVIN−VOS1 (VOUT>VIN−VOS1), thereby stabilizing the diode amplifier 142.For example, when VOUT>VIN−VOS1, the diode amplifier 142 turns off theMOSFET 105, so the diode amplifier 142 cannot regulate VOUT to exceedVIN−VOS1 for stability. Instead, VOUT needs to be discharged to belowVIN−VOS1 to enable the diode amplifier 142 feedback loop to be engagedagain, thereby turning on the MOSFET 105. If the diode amplifier 142 isunstable again, or VOUT drops due to a load-transient, then boostcomparator 148 trips, and this cycle is repeated until the otherchannel's soft-start amplifier 137 controls the output voltage VOUT andincreases VOUT to be greater than VIN−VOS1 (the diode amplifier 142 loopcut-off). When, the output voltage VOUT at the output 101 rises abovethe voltage VINA-VOS2A, the example boost comparator 148 outputs a logicHIGH voltage on a line 151 from the output 148C, which causes the output152C of the AND gate 152 to become a logic HIGH voltage on the line 144,thereby re-enabling the diode amplifier 142.

To, if necessary, stabilize the example diode amplifier 145, the examplepower multiplexer circuit 100 of FIGS. 1A-C includes an example boostcomparator 156, a pulse generator (e.g., an example one-shot generator157) and an example boost driver 158. When the output voltage VOUT at aninput 156A falls below a voltage VINB-VOS2B at an input 156B (e.g.,signifying a potentially unstable diode amplifier 145 or VOUT drop), theexample boost comparator 156 outputs a logic LOW voltage on a line 159from an output 156C. A logic gate (e.g., an AND gate 160) computes alogic AND of the voltage on the line 159 at an input 159A and an enablevoltage on a line 161 at an input 160B. The logic LOW voltage on theline 159 causes the enable voltage on the line 147 to become a logic LOWvoltage, thereby, disabling the diode amplifier 145. VOS2B is a voltageacross a voltage source 162.

The logic LOW voltage on the line 159 at an input 157A of the exampleone-shot generator 157 causes the one-shot generator 157 to form a pulse(e.g., 5 microseconds long) on a line 163 from an output 157B. The pulseon the line 163 at an input 158A of the example boost driver 158 causesthe boost driver 158 to output a pulsed gate voltage on the line 122,thereby turning on the MOSFET 118 for, for example, 5 microseconds,thereby stabilizing the diode amplifier 145. When, the output voltageVOUT at the output 101 rises above the voltage VINA-VOS2B, the exampleboost comparator 156 outputs a logic HIGH voltage on the line 159 fromthe output 156C, which causes the output 160C of the AND gate 160 tobecome a logic HIGH voltage, thereby re-enabling the diode amplifier145.

To control operations, the example power multiplexer circuit 100 ofFIGS. 1A-C includes an example controller 164. The example controller164 implements one or more state machines 165 to, at least, control theoperations of the devices of FIGS. 1A-C. The example controller 164receives inputs 166 (e.g., voltages, etc.) and provides outputs orcauses to be output voltages 167 (e.g., voltages on the lines 110, 113,115, 117, 123, 126, 128, 130, 134, 138, 153, 161, etc.) to control thestates of the power multiplexer circuit 100.

The example state machine(s) 165 may be implemented by, for example,hardware logic and/or machine-readable instructions stored on any numberand/or type(s) of non-transitory computer-readable storage device ornon-transitory storage disk such as a non-volatile memory (e.g.,ready-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-onlymemory (EEPROM), flash memory), a volatile memory (e.g., SynchronousDynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory(DRAM), RAMBUS® Dynamic Random Access Memory (RDRAM®) and/or any othertype of random access memory (RAM) device), etc. including the hardwarelogic and/or machine-readable instructions. The example controller 164of FIGS. 1A-C may include, for example, one or more of a logic circuit,a programmable processor, a programmable controller, a digital signalprocessor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), aprogrammable logic device (PLD), an Advanced RISC Machine (ARM)processor, a field programmable logic device (FPLD), etc.

The example controller 164 of the illustrated example includes memory168 including local memory 168A (e.g., a cache), and main memory 168Bincluding volatile memory 168C and/or non-volatile memory 168D via, forexample, a bus. The volatile memory 168C may be implemented by SDRAM,DRAM, RDRAM and/or any other type of random access memory device. Thenon-volatile memory 168D may be implemented by flash memory and/or anyother desired type of memory device. Access to the memory 168 iscontrolled by a memory controller (not shown).

Coded instructions 168E including the state machines 165, and the codedinstructions of FIG. 2 and FIGS. 8A-B may be stored in the main memory168B, the volatile memory 168C, the non-volatile memory 168D, and/or ona removable non-transitory computer-readable storage medium such as aCD-ROM or a DVD.

While an example power multiplexer circuit 100 is illustrated in FIGS.1A-C, one or more of the elements, processes, components and/or devicesillustrated in FIGS. 1A-C may be combined, divided, re-arranged,omitted, eliminated and/or implemented in any other way. Further, theexample power multiplexer circuit 100 of FIGS. 1A-C may include one ormore elements, processes and/or devices in addition to, or instead of,those illustrated in FIGS. 1A-C, and/or may include more than one of anyor all of the illustrated elements, processes and devices. For example,some switchover aspects of the power multiplexer may be omitted if notneeded, wanted, etc. In some examples, communication, coupling, etc. isindirect through one or more intermediary components. In some examples,the intermediary components do not alter the signal or informationintegrity of the communication. Indirect communication does not requiredirect physical (e.g., wired) communication and/or constantcommunication.

FIG. 2 is a state diagram 200 representative of operations of an examplestate machine for operating the example power multiplexer circuit 100 ofFIGS. 1A-C. A state machine to implement the state diagram 200 of FIG. 2may be implemented as hardware logic, machine-readable instructions,hardware implemented state machines, and/or any combination thereof foroperating the example power multiplexer circuit 100 of FIGS. 1A-C. Thestate diagram 200 may be an executable program or portion of anexecutable program for execution by a processor. The program may beembodied in software (e.g., machine-readable instructions) stored on anynumber and/or type(s) of non-transitory computer-readable storage deviceor non-transitory storage disk such as such as a non-volatile memory(e.g., ROM, EEPROM, flash memory), a volatile memory (e.g., SDRAM, DRAM,RDRAM® and/or any other type of RAM device), etc. including the hardwarelogic and/or machine-readable instructions.

The example processor may be, for example, one or more of a programmableprocessor, a programmable controller, a DSP, an ASIC, an ARM processor,etc. Additionally, and/or alternatively, the state diagram 200 may beimplemented by one or more hardware circuits (e.g., discrete and/orintegrated analog and/or digital circuitry, a PLD, an FPGA, an ASIC, acomparator, an operational-amplifier (op-amp), a logic circuit, etc.)structured to perform the corresponding operations without executingsoftware or firmware. Although an example state machine is describedwith reference to the state diagram 200 illustrated in FIG. 2, manyother methods of operating the power multiplexer circuit 100 mayalternatively be used. For example, the order of execution of the statesmay be changed, and/or some of the states described may be changed,eliminated, or combined.

The example state diagram 200 of FIG. 2 will be described with referenceto FIGS. 3A-C, 4A-C, 5A-C and 6A-C. FIGS. 3A-C, 4A-C, 5A-C and 6A-Ccorrespond respectively to states 202, 204, 206 and 208 of the statediagram 200 of FIG. 2. FIGS. 3A-C, 4A-C, 5A-C and 6A-C are identical toFIGS. 1A-C except that different components, devices, etc. arecross-hatched to indicate which components, devices, etc. are enabled,active, etc. for the state to which the figure is associated. Forexample, for the “Channel A On” state 202 in FIG. 2 (which correspondsto FIGS. 3A-C) indicates that the pull-downs 127, 129 are enabled toturn off the Channel B 120. Thus, the pull-downs 127 and 129 arecross-hatched in FIGS. 3A-C. Similarly, the soft-start amplifiers 133and 137 are disabled in the “Channel A On” state 202 and, thus, areshown in FIGS. 3A-C without cross-hatching. For clarity of illustration,in FIGS. 3A-C, 4A-C, 5A-C and 6A-C only components, devices, etc. thatare enabled in a state are shown. All other components, devices, etc.are disabled. If a component, device, etc. is enabled in one state, andthe power multiplexer circuit 100 transitions to another state in whichthe component, device, etc. is disabled, the component, device, etc. isdisabled at the state transition.

The example state diagram 200 of FIG. 2 depicts a channel switchoverfrom Channel A 107 (input 102 in FIGS. 1A-C) to Channel B 120 (input 103in FIGS. 1A-C). Starting with a “Channel A On” state 202 shown in FIGS.3A-C, the controller 164 enables the pull-down 127 and the pull-down 129to turn off the MOSFETS 118 and 119 disabling the channel B 120, andenables the drivers 108 and 111 to turn on the MOSFETS 105 and 106,thereby coupling the input 102 to the output 101. All devices associatedwith switchovers (e.g., the soft-start amplifiers 133 and 137, the diodeamplifiers 142 and 145, and the boost comparators 148 and 156) aredisabled.

If Channel B 120 is enabled (block 210) and the input voltage VINB atthe input 103 is greater than the input voltage VINA at the input 102(block 212), the controller 164 transitions the power multiplexercircuit 100 to the “Switch Over” state 204 shown in FIGS. 4A-C. In the“Switch Over” state 204, the driver 111, the driver 121, the soft-startamplifier 137, the diode amplifier 142, and the boost comparator 148 areenabled. The drivers 108 and 124 and the pull-downs 127, 114, 116, and129 are disabled. The soft-start amplifier 137 is enabled to graduallyturn on the MOSFET 119, thereby managing (e.g., reducing, limiting,etc.) inrush current. The diode amplifier 142 and the boost comparator148 are enabled to manage (e.g., reduce, limit, block, etc.) reversecurrent and/or output voltage drops that can cause circuit damage and/orcircuit instabilities. Use of the soft-start amplifier 137, the diodeamplifier 142 and the boost comparator 148 allow the power multiplexercircuit 100 to switch to from Channel A to Channel B under a wide rangeof load conditions and without the undesirable channel switchoverbehaviors.

An example operation of the power multiplexer circuit 100 of FIGS. 1A-Cin the “Switch Over” state 204 is shown in FIG. 7. In the illustratedexample of FIG. 7, the power multiplexer circuit 100 is switching frominput 102 (VIN1) to input 103 (VIN2). During a phase 702 of theswitchover, the soft-start amplifier 137 is enabled while the soft-startvoltage on the line 132 is above a reference voltage VREF (see SoftStart B state of FIGS. 8A-B), the diode amplifier 142 is enabled, andthe boost comparator 148 monitors the output voltage VOUT at the output101. During the phase 702, the soft-start amplifier 137 turns off theMOSFET 119 by holding the gate voltage on the gate 119C to be less thanVOUT+Vt of MOSFET 119. The soft-start amplifier 137 gradually turns onthe MOSFET 119, thereby to manage (e.g., reduce, limit, etc.) inrushcurrent. When, in the illustrated example, the output voltage VOUT atthe output 101 falls below VIN1-VOS2 between time t1 and time t2, theboost comparator 148 triggers the one-shot generator 149 and the boostdriver 150 to temporarily boost the output voltage VOUT between the timet2 and a falling edge of one-shot signal at a time t3. The diodeamplifier 142 is enabled to manage (e.g., reduce, limit, block, etc.)reverse current and/or output voltage drops that can cause circuitdamage and/or circuit instabilities. The boost comparator 148 is enabledto detect and limit drops in the output voltage VOUT at the output 101that may be indicative of an instability associated with the diodeamplifier 142. Such instabilities can result from output loadconditions. Use of the soft-start amplifier 137, the diode amplifier 142and the boost comparator 148 allow the power multiplexer circuit 100 toswitch from Channel A to Channel B under a wide range of load conditionsand without the undesirable channel switchover behaviors.

After the phase 702, the soft-start amplifier 137 increases the gatevoltage on the gate 119C to be higher than VOUT+Vt, and increases VOUTat the rate of (IREF/Css)*gain, gradually over time turning on theMOSFET 119, thereby gradually over time increasing the output voltageVOUT at the output 101.

Returning to FIG. 2, when the MOSFET 119 has turned on (block 214), thecontroller 164 transitions the power multiplexer circuit 100 to the“Channel B On” state 206 shown in FIGS. 5A-C. In some examples,determining when the MOSFET 119 has turned on includes a comparatorcompares the Vgs voltage between the gate 119C and the source 119B witha reference voltage (e.g., 3V), and/or a comparator comparing Cssvoltage with a reference voltage (e.g., 4V). In some examples, thereference voltage is selected to turn on the MOSFET 106 and the MOSFET119 under highest expected VINA and VINB conditions. In the “Channel BOn” state 206 of FIGS. 5A-C, the drivers 121 and 124 are enabled to turnon the MOSFETS 118 and 119, respectively, thereby coupling the input 103to the output 101. The drivers 108 and 111 associated with Channel A 107are disabled. The pull-down 114 is enabled to turn off the MOSFET 105and the pull-down 116 is enabled to turn off the MOSFET 106. All devicesassociated with switchovers (e.g., the soft-start amplifiers 133 and137, the diode amplifiers 142 and 145, and the boost comparators 148 and156) are disabled.

Returning to block 212, if the input voltage VINB at the input 103 isnot greater than the input voltage VINA at the input 102 (block 212),the controller transitions the power multiplexer circuit 100 to the“Both Channels Off” state 208 of FIGS. 6A-C. In the “Both Channels Off”state 208, the pull-downs 114, 116, 127 and 129 are enabled, and allother devices, components are disabled, thereby neither the inputvoltage VINA nor the input voltage VINB are connected to the output 101,thereby discharging VOUT by the Rout (e.g., output loading). VOUTdischarges, and when the input voltage VINB at the input 103 is equal orgreater than the output voltage VOUT at the output 101 (block 216), thecontroller 164 transitions the power multiplexer circuit 100 to the“Channel B On” state 206 described above.

FIGS. 8A-B is a state diagram 800 representative of example statemachine for operating the example power multiplexer circuit 100 of FIGS.1A-C. The state diagram 800 may be implemented as hardware logic,machine-readable instructions, hardware implemented state machines,and/or any combination thereof for operating the example powermultiplexer circuit 100 of FIGS. 1A-C. The state diagram 800 may be anexecutable program or portion of an executable program for execution bya processor. The program may be embodied in software (e.g.,machine-readable instructions) stored on any number and/or type(s) ofnon-transitory computer-readable storage device or non-transitorystorage disk such as a non-volatile memory (e.g., ROM, EEPROM, flashmemory), a volatile memory (e.g., SDRAM, DRAM, RDRAM® and/or any othertype of RAM device), etc. The example processor may be, for example, oneor more of a programmable processor, a programmable controller, a DSP,an ASIC, an ARM processor, etc. Additionally, and/or alternatively, thestate diagram 800 may be implemented by one or more hardware circuits(e.g., discrete and/or integrated analog and/or digital circuitry, aPLD, an FPGA, an ASIC, a comparator, an operational-amplifier (op-amp),a logic circuit, etc.) structured to perform the correspondingoperations without executing software or firmware. Although an examplestate machine is described with reference to the state diagram 800illustrated in FIGS. 8A-B, many other methods of operating the powermultiplexer circuit 100 may alternatively be used. For example, theorder of execution of the states may be changed, and/or some of thestates described may be changed, eliminated, or combined.

For clarity of illustration, in FIGS. 8A-B only components, devices,etc. that are enabled in a state are shown. All other components,devices, etc. are disabled. If a component, device, etc. is enabled inone state, and the power multiplexer circuit 100 transitions to anotherstate in which the component, device, etc. is disabled, the component,device, etc. is disabled at the state transition.

Starting in a “Gate A Pull-down” state 802, the pull-downs 114, 116,127, and 129 are closed to prevent input voltage coupling to gatethrough Cgd parasitic capacitance. When the soft-start signal SS on theline 131 exceeds a reference voltage VREF (block 804), the controller164 transitions the power multiplexer circuit 100 to a “Soft Start A”state 806.

In the “Soft Start A” state 806, the power multiplexer circuit 100 is ina configuration that turns on channel A 107 by enabling the driver 108,the soft-start amplifier 133, and the pull-downs 127 and 129. When theMOSFET 106 turns on (block 808), the controller 164 transitions thepower multiplexer circuit 100 to a “Channel A On” state 810. In the“Channel A On” state 810, the power multiplexer circuit 100 isconfigured as shown in FIGS. 3A-C. The soft-start amplifier 133 isenabled to gradually turn on the MOSFET 106, thereby managing (e.g.,reducing, limiting, etc.) inrush current.

If Channel B 120 is enabled (block 812), and VINB<VINA (block 814), thecontroller transitions the power multiplexer circuit 100 to a “2Channels Off” state 816 where the pull-downs 114, 116, 127 and 129 areenabled until VINB≥VOUT (block 818). When VINB≥VOUT (block 818), thecontroller 164 transitions the power multiplexer circuit 100 to a“Channel B On” state 820. In the “Channel B On” state 820, the powermultiplexer circuit 100 is in the configuration shown in FIGS. 5A-C.

Returning to block 814, if VINB>VINA (block 814), the controller 164transitions the power multiplexer circuit 100 to a “Gate B Pull-down”state 822. Because in the “Gate B Pull-down” state 822 the channel A 107was previously turned on, in state 822 the drivers 108, 111 are enabledto keep Channel A on while the pull-downs 127 and 129 are enabled toremove parasitic coupling from the input VINB. When the soft-startsignal SS on the line 131, 132 exceeds a reference voltage VREF (block824), the controller 164 transitions the power multiplexer circuit 100to a “Soft Start B” state 826.

In the “Soft Start B” state 826, the power multiplexer circuit 100 is inthe configuration shown in FIGS. 4A-C. In the “Soft Start B” state 826,the soft-start amplifier 137 is enabled to gradually turn on the MOSFET119, thereby to manage (e.g., reduce, limit, etc.) inrush current. Thediode amplifier 142 is enabled to manage (e.g., reduce, limit, block,etc.) reverse current and/or output voltage drops that can cause circuitdamage and/or circuit instabilities. The boost comparator 148 is enabledto detect and limit drops in the output voltage VOUT at the output 101that may be indicative of an instability associated with the diodeamplifier 142. Such instabilities can result from output loadconditions. Use of the soft-start amplifier 137, the diode amplifier 142and the boost comparator 148 allow the power multiplexer circuit 100 toswitch from Channel A to Channel B under a wide range of load conditionsand without the undesirable channel switchover behaviors.

When the MOSFET 119 turns on (block 828), the controller 164 transitionsthe power multiplexer circuit 100 to the “Channel B On” state 820, shownin FIGS. 5A-C.

While an example power multiplexer circuit 100 is shown in FIGS. 1A-C, apower multiplexer can include additional circuitry and/or may excludesome of the circuitry shown in FIGS. 1A-C. For example, if output Coutand Rout conditions are restricted, then the boost comparator 148, theone-shot generator 149, and the boost driver 150 may not be needed fordiode amplifier 142 stability.

“Including” and “comprising” (and all forms and tenses thereof) are usedherein to be open ended terms. Thus, whenever a claim employs any formof “include” or “comprise” (e.g., comprises, includes, comprising,including, having, etc.) as a preamble or within a claim recitation ofany kind, it is to be understood that additional elements, terms, etc.may be present without falling outside the scope of the correspondingclaim or recitation. As used herein, when the phrase “at least” is usedas the transition term in, for example, a preamble of a claim, it isopen-ended in the same manner as the term “comprising” and “including”are open ended. The term “and/or” when used, for example, in a form suchas A, B, and/or C refers to any combination or subset of A, B, C such as(1) A alone, (2) B alone, (3) C alone, (4) A with B, (5) A with C, (6) Bwith C, and (7) A with B and with C. As used herein in the context ofdescribing structures, components, items, objects and/or things, thephrase “at least one of A and B” is intended to refer to implementationsincluding any of (1) at least one A, (2) at least one B, and (3) atleast one A and at least one B. Similarly, as used herein in the contextof describing structures, components, items, objects and/or things, thephrase “at least one of A or B” is intended to refer to implementationsincluding any of (1) at least one A, (2) at least one B, and (3) atleast one A and at least one B. As used herein in the context ofdescribing the performance or execution of processes, instructions,actions, activities and/or steps, the phrase “at least one of A and B”is intended to refer to implementations including any of (1) at leastone A, (2) at least one B, and (3) at least one A and at least one B.Similarly, as used herein in the context of describing the performanceor execution of processes, instructions, actions, activities and/orsteps, the phrase “at least one of A or B” is intended to refer toimplementations including any of (1) at least one A, (2) at least one B,and (3) at least one A and at least one B.

Example channel switchover power multiplexer circuits, and methods ofoperating the same are disclosed herein. Further examples andcombinations thereof include at least the following.

Example 1 is a power multiplexer including a first transistor coupled toa first input, a second transistor coupled to the first transistor toselectively couple a first voltage at the first input to an output, athird transistor coupled to a second input, a fourth transistor coupledto the third transistor to couple a second voltage at the second inputto the output, a diode amplifier to selectively provide a third voltageto a gate of the first transistor to block a reverse current, and asoft-start amplifier to provide a fourth voltage to a gate of the fourthtransistor to turn on the fourth transistor with a constant ramp rate.

Example 2 is the power multiplexer of example 1, further including acomparator to, while the diode amplifier provides the third voltage tothe gate of the first transistor, detect a drop in a fifth voltage atthe output, and a one-shot generator to, while the diode amplifierprovides the third voltage to the gate of the first transistor, form apulse to temporarily turn on the first transistor.

Example 3 is the power multiplexer of example 1, wherein the firsttransistor is connected to the second transistor to pass currentbidirectionally between the first input and the output.

Example 4 is the power multiplexer of example 1, further including asecond soft-start amplifier to provide a fifth voltage to a gate of thesecond transistor to turn on the second transistor with a constant ramprate, and a capacitor coupled to a ground, and coupled to an input ofthe soft-start amplifier and an input of the second soft-startamplifier.

Example 5 is the power multiplexer of example 1, further including acontroller to switch the power multiplexer from (a) a first statewherein the first voltage at the first input coupled to the output to(b) a second state wherein the second voltage at the second inputcoupled to the output by enabling the diode amplifier, and enabling thesoft-start amplifier.

Example 6 is the power multiplexer of example 5, where the controller isto disable the diode amplifier, and disable the soft-start amplifier.

Example 7 is the power multiplexer of example 6, further including asecond diode amplifier to provide a fifth voltage to a gate of the thirdtransistor to block a reverse current, and a second soft-start amplifierto provide a sixth voltage to a gate of the second transistor to turn onthe second transistor with a constant ramp rate, wherein the controlleris to switch the power multiplexer from the first state to the secondstate by enabling the second diode amplifier, and enabling the secondsoft-start amplifier.

Example 8 is the power multiplexer of example 1, further including afirst driver coupled to a gate of the first transistor, a second drivercoupled to a gate of the second transistor, a first pull-down coupled tothe gate of the second transistor, a third driver coupled to a gate ofthe third transistor, a fourth driver coupled to the gate of the fourthtransistor, a second pull-down coupled to the gate of the fourthtransistor, and a controller to:

in a first state, enable the first driver, enable the second driver,disable the third driver, disable the fourth driver, disable thesoft-start amplifier, disable the second diode amplifier, disable thefirst pull-down, and enable the second pull-down to couple the firstvoltage at the first input to the output;

in a second state, disable the first driver, disable the second driver,enable the third driver, enable the fourth driver, disable thesoft-start amplifier, disable the diode amplifier, enable the firstpull-down, and disable the second pull-down to couple the second voltageat the second input to the output; and

transition the power multiplexer from the first state to the secondstate by disabling the first pull-down, enabling the diode amplifier,enabling the soft-start amplifier, disabling the first driver, enablingthe second driver, enabling the third driver, and disabling the fourthdriver.

Example 9 is a method of controlling a power multiplexer circuitincluding enabling a soft-start amplifier to turn on the secondtransistor, the second transistor having a drain connected to a drain ofthe first transistor to form a first channel between a first input andan output, enabling a diode amplifier to regulate a gate voltage of athird transistor, the third transistor having a drain connected to adrain of a fourth transistor to form a second channel between a secondinput and an output, and, when the first transistor has turned on,disabling the soft-start amplifier, enabling a first driver to hold thefirst transistor on, and disabling the diode amplifier.

Example 10 is the method of controlling the power multiplexer circuit ofexample 9, further including enabling a second driver to hold the secondtransistor on when the soft-start amplifier is enabled.

Example 11 is the method of controlling the power multiplexer circuit ofexample 9, when an output voltage at the output satisfies a threshold,disabling the diode amplifier, and enabling a boost driver to form apulsed gate voltage for the third transistor.

Example 12 is the method of controlling the power multiplexer circuit ofexample 9, further including when the first transistor has turned on,enabling a pull-down to disable the third transistor and the fourthtransistor.

Example 13 is the method of controlling the power multiplexer circuit ofexample 9, wherein the diode amplifier regulates the gate voltage of thethird transistor based on a comparison of an output voltage at theoutput and an input voltage.

Example 14 is the method of controlling the power multiplexer circuit ofexample 9, further including charging and discharging a capacitor togenerate an input for the soft-start amplifier.

Example 15 is a power multiplexer circuit including, a first transistorhaving a source coupled to a first power multiplexer input, a secondtransistor having a drain coupled to a drain of the first transistor,and a source coupled to a power multiplexer output, a third transistorhaving a source coupled to a second power supply input, a fourthtransistor having a drain coupled to a drain of the third transistor,and a source coupled to the power multiplexer input, a first amplifierhaving an output coupled to a gate of the first transistor, a firstinput coupled to the first power multiplexer input via a first voltagesource, and a second input coupled to the power multiplexer output, asecond amplifier having an output coupled to a gate of the fourthtransistor, a capacitor having a first terminal coupled to an input ofthe second amplifier and to a charging source, and a controller coupledto an enable input of the first amplifier and to an enable input of thesecond amplifier.

Example 16 is the power multiplexer circuit of example 15, wherein thefirst transistor is a first metal-oxide semiconductor field-effecttransistor (MOSFET), the second transistor is a second MOSFET, the thirdtransistor is a third MOSFET, and the fourth transistor is a fourthMOSFET.

Example 17 is the power multiplexer circuit of example 16, furtherincluding a comparator having a first input coupled to the powermultiplexer output, a second input coupled to the first powermultiplexer input via a second voltage source, and an output; and alogic gate having a first input coupled to the output of the comparator,an enable input coupled to the controller, and an output coupled to anenable input of the first amplifier.

Example 18 is the power multiplexer circuit of example 17, furtherincluding a pulse generator having an input coupled to the output of thecomparator, and a driver having an input coupled to an output of thepulse generator, and an output coupled to the gate of the first MOSFET.

Example 19 is the power multiplexer circuit of example 18, furtherincluding a first driver having an output coupled to the gate of thefirst MOSFET, a second driver having an output coupled to a gate of thesecond MOSFET, a third driver having an output coupled to a gate of thethird MOSFET, a fourth driver having an output coupled to the gate ofthe fourth MOSFET, a first pull-down having an output coupled to thegate of the second MOSFET, and a second pull-down having an outputcoupled to the gate of the fourth MOSFET.

Any references, including publications, patent applications, and patentscited herein are hereby incorporated in their entirety by reference tothe same extent as if each reference were individually and specificallyindicated to be incorporated by reference and were set forth in itsentirety herein.

Although certain example methods, apparatus and articles of manufacturehave been disclosed herein, the scope of coverage of this patent is notlimited thereto. On the contrary, this patent covers all methods,apparatus and articles of manufacture fairly falling within the scope ofthe claims of this patent.

What is claimed is:
 1. A power multiplexer, comprising: a firsttransistor coupled to a first input; a second transistor coupled to thefirst transistor to selectively couple a first voltage at the firstinput to an output; a third transistor coupled to a second input; afourth transistor coupled to the third transistor to selectively couplea second voltage at the second input to the output; a diode amplifier toprovide a third voltage to a gate of the first transistor to block areverse current; and a soft-start amplifier to provide a fourth voltageto a gate of the fourth transistor to turn on the fourth transistor witha constant ramp rate.
 2. The power multiplexer of claim 1, furtherincluding: a comparator to, while the diode amplifier provides the thirdvoltage to the gate of the first transistor, detect a drop in a fifthvoltage at the output; and a one-shot generator to, while the diodeamplifier provides the third voltage to the gate of the firsttransistor, form a pulse to temporarily turn on the first transistor. 3.The power multiplexer of claim 1, wherein the first transistor isconnected to the second transistor to pass current bidirectionallybetween the first input and the output.
 4. The power multiplexer ofclaim 1, further including: a second soft-start amplifier to provide afifth voltage to a gate of the second transistor to turn on the secondtransistor with a constant ramp rate; and a capacitor coupled to aground, and coupled to an input of the soft-start amplifier and an inputof the second soft-start amplifier.
 5. The power multiplexer of claim 1,further including a controller to switch the power multiplexer from (a)a first state wherein the first voltage at the first input coupled tothe output to (b) a second state wherein the second voltage at thesecond input coupled to the output by: enabling the diode amplifier, andenabling the soft-start amplifier.
 6. The power multiplexer of claim 5,where the controller is to: disable the diode amplifier; and disable thesoft-start amplifier.
 7. The power multiplexer of claim 6, furtherincluding: a second diode amplifier to provide a fifth voltage to a gateof the third transistor to block a reverse current; and a secondsoft-start amplifier to provide a sixth voltage to a gate of the secondtransistor to turn on the second transistor with a constant ramp rate,wherein the controller is to switch the power multiplexer from the firststate to the second state by: enabling the second diode amplifier, andenabling the second soft-start amplifier.
 8. The power multiplexer ofclaim 1, further including: a first driver coupled to a gate of thefirst transistor; a second driver coupled to a gate of the secondtransistor; a first pull-down coupled to the gate of the secondtransistor; a third driver coupled to a gate of the third transistor; afourth driver coupled to the gate of the fourth transistor; a secondpull-down coupled to the gate of the fourth transistor; and a controllerto: in a first state, enable the first driver, enable the second driver,disable the third driver, disable the fourth driver, disable thesoft-start amplifier, disable the diode amplifier, disable the firstpull-down, and enable the second pull-down to couple the first voltageat the first input to the output; in a second state, disable the firstdriver, disable the second driver, enable the third driver, enable thefourth driver, disable the soft-start amplifier, disable the diodeamplifier, enable the first pull-down, and disable the second pull-downto couple the second voltage at the second input to the output; andtransition the power multiplexer from the first state to the secondstate by disabling the first pull-down, disabling the second pull-down,enabling the diode amplifier, enabling the soft-start amplifier,disabling the first driver, enabling the second driver, enabling thethird driver, and disabling the fourth driver.
 9. A method ofcontrolling a power multiplexer circuit, the method comprising: enablinga soft-start amplifier to turn on a first transistor, the firsttransistor having a drain connected to a drain of a second transistor toform a first channel between a first input and an output; enabling adiode amplifier to regulate a gate voltage of a third transistor, thethird transistor having a drain connected to a drain of a fourthtransistor to form a second channel between a second input and anoutput; and when the first transistor has turned on: disabling thesoft-start amplifier, enabling a first driver to hold the firsttransistor on, and disabling the diode amplifier.
 10. The method ofcontrolling the power multiplexer circuit of claim 9, further includingenabling a second driver to hold the second transistor on when thesoft-start amplifier is enabled.
 11. The method of controlling the powermultiplexer circuit of claim 9, when an output voltage at the outputsatisfies a threshold, disabling the diode amplifier, and enabling aboost driver to form a pulsed gate voltage for the third transistor. 12.The method of controlling the power multiplexer circuit of claim 9,further including when the first transistor has turned on, enabling apull-down to disable the third transistor and the fourth transistor. 13.The method of controlling the power multiplexer circuit of claim 9,wherein the diode amplifier regulates the gate voltage of the thirdtransistor based on a comparison of an output voltage at the output andan input voltage.
 14. The method of controlling the power multiplexercircuit of claim 9, further including charging and discharging acapacitor to generate an input for the soft-start amplifier.
 15. A powermultiplexer circuit, comprising: a first transistor having a sourcecoupled to a first power multiplexer input; a second transistor having adrain coupled to a drain of the first transistor, and a source coupledto a power multiplexer output; a third transistor having a sourcecoupled to a second power supply input; a fourth transistor having adrain coupled to a drain of the third transistor, and a source coupledto the power multiplexer input; a first amplifier having an outputcoupled to a gate of the first transistor, a first input coupled to thefirst power multiplexer input via a first voltage source, and a secondinput coupled to the power multiplexer output; a second amplifier havingan output coupled to a gate of the fourth transistor; a capacitor havinga first terminal coupled to an input of the second amplifier and to acharging source; and a controller coupled to an enable input of thefirst amplifier and to an enable input of the second amplifier.
 16. Thepower multiplexer circuit of claim 15, wherein the first transistor is afirst metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), thesecond transistor is a second MOSFET, the third transistor is a thirdMOSFET, and the fourth transistor is a fourth MOSFET.
 17. The powermultiplexer circuit of claim 16, further including: a comparator havinga first input coupled to the power multiplexer output, a second inputcoupled to the first power multiplexer input via a second voltagesource, and an output; and a logic gate having a first input coupled tothe output of the comparator, an enable input coupled to the controller,and an output coupled to an enable input of the first amplifier.
 18. Thepower multiplexer circuit of claim 17, further including: a pulsegenerator having an input coupled to the output of the comparator; and adriver having an input coupled to an output of the pulse generator, andan output coupled to the gate of the first MOSFET.
 19. The powermultiplexer circuit of claim 18, further including: a first driverhaving an output coupled to the gate of the first MOSFET; a seconddriver having an output coupled to a gate of the second MOSFET; a thirddriver having an output coupled to a gate of the third MOSFET; a fourthdriver having an output coupled to the gate of the fourth MOSFET; afirst pull-down having an output coupled to the gate of the secondMOSFET; and a second pull-down having an output coupled to the gate ofthe fourth MOSFET.